Insight analysis of the cross-sensitization of multiple fish parvalbumins <i>via</i> the Th1/Th2 immunological balance and cytokine release from the perspective of safe consumption of fish

Abstract Objectives Parvalbumin (PV) is the primary allergen found in fish and highly conserved. According to some studies, patients with allergy are allergic only one species of but tolerant others; however, underlying mechanism has not been identified. Materials Methods The cross-reactivity these seven parvalbumins based on turbot PV-treated mice was determined using BALB/c mouse RBL-2H3 cell models. Meanwhile, immunoinformatic tools were used assess cross-reactivity. Results results indicated that fishes (turbot, large yellow croaker, sea bass, grass carp, common conger eel Japanese eel) studied exhibited varying degrees cross-reactivity, highest being between bass lowest eel. bioinformatics analysis revealed sequence homology parvalbumin lowest, which may account for cross-reaction so limited. a potent cross-reactive turbot, eel, weakest. Conclusion This study demonstrated PV